Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) Implementation Resources
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), aka Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), was signed into law by President Biden on November 15, 2021. The law authorizes $1.2 trillion for transportation and infrastructure spending with $550 billion of that figure going toward “new” investments and programs. Funding from the IIJA is expansive in its reach, addressing energy and power infrastructure, access to broadband internet, water infrastructure, and more. Some of the new programs funded by the bill could provide the resources needed to address a variety of infrastructure needs at the local level.
The GFOA Federal Liaison Center will monitor program implementation and update resources as needed in the sections below. PLEASE NOTE: The new programs are generally still at various stages of agency development; we will strive to post updates when available.
IIJA Highlights

Resources from the White House
Points to Consider in Preparation of Funding/Program Rollout
Although this is not an exhaustive list, here is a sample of various considerations local governments can think about as IIJA implementation gets underway.
- Coordinate across departments internally and with metropolitan planning organizations (as appropriate)
- Prioritize your community's capital needs and develop a project pipeline
- Review the IIJA Guidebook to identify potential funding streams to focus on
- Become familiar with your state's broadband agency and work with them to ensure your local community or region's needs are appropriately mapped and inventoried
- Establish relationships with the regional offices for the federal agencies that are key to addressing your community's needs as they can help direct you to resources and provided technical assistance
Buy America, Build America Act (BABA)
The Buy America, Build America Act is part of the Infrastructure and Investment Jobs Act (IIJA). The act aims to prioritize and incentivize the usage of goods, products, materials, and services made or provided for in the United States. Specifically for infrastructure, the Act will provide Federal financial assistance for any program that has infrastructure, even if infrastructure is not the primary purpose of the program. However, it must adhere to the following requirements:
- All iron and steel used in infrastructure projects must be made in the United States throughout the entirety of the manufacturing process.
- All manufactured products must be produced in the United States. All components of the manufactured product must be produced in the United States and be greater than 55 percent of the total cost of all components of the manufactured product.
- All construction materials must be made in the United States throughout the entirety of the manufacturing process.
Link to initial guidance on the implementation of Buy America, Build America Act (BABA).
Funding Opportunities Under IIJA
The tables below aim to provide a sampling of the various programs/funding available under the law that may be of interest to states and local governments of all sizes. Additionally, we have created a separate Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) tracker based on the programs highlighted below.
NOFOs are the formally issued announcement from a federal agency of the availability of federal or federal pass-through funding via one of its financial assistance programs.
Click HERE for GFOA's IIJA NOFO Tracker.
IIJA Funding for Roads, Bridges, and Railways
The Department of Transportation (USDOT) released state-by-state fact sheets to highlight how the funding could benefit based on the amount the state could expect to receive. You can click HERE to find your state's fact sheet.
Below are additional transportation-related programs that may be of interest for local governments.
Program Name | IIJA Funding | Resource(s) |
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Capital Investment Grants Program | IIJA guarantees $8 billion, and authorizes $15 billion more in future appropriations.
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Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity (RAISE) Discretionary Grant program | IIJA increases funding for the program by $15 billion with half of that in guaranteed appropriations.
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National Infrastructure Project Assistance (also known as "Megaprojects" or "MEGA") | IIJA provides $5 billion in competitive grants for states, local governments, tribes, and other related organizations.
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Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA) Grant Program | IIJA provides $10.9 billion over 5 years for competitive grants including highway or bridge projects to add capacity or improve mobility, intermodal or freight projects, and rail-highway grade crossing separation.
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Rural Surface Transportation Grant Program (Rural) | IIJA provides $1 billion in competitive grants to states, local governments, tribes, and regional transportation planning organizations.
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Safe Streets and Roads for All | $5 billion in competitive grants to support local initiatives to prevent death and serious injury on roads and streets, commonly referred to as ‘‘Vision Zero’’ or ‘‘Toward Zero Deaths’’ initiatives.
| Safe Streets and Roads for All Fact Sheet. Notice of Funding Opportunity for Safe Streets For All Program |
Promoting Resilient Operations for Transformative, Efficient and Cost-Saving Transportation (PROTECT) Grants | IIJA provides $1.4 billion in competitive grants open to various recipients (including local governments and special purpose districts) to support planning, resilience improvements, community resilience and evacuation routes, and at-risk coastal infrastructure. |
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Reconnecting Communities Pilot Program | IIJA provides $500 million over 5 years for:
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Railroad Crossing Elimination Grant Program | IIJA provides over $5B for this new competitive grant program to fund highway-rail or pathway-rail grade crossing improvement projects that focus on improving the safety and mobility of people and goods.
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National Highway Performance Program | IIJA provides $148 billion in formula grants to states and the District of Columbia.
| Notice of apportionment for FY2022 were sent out to state transportation agencies in December 2021. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-20). |
Surface Transportation Block Grant Program | IIJA provides $72 billion in formula grants to states and the District of Columbia.
| Notice of apportionment for FY2022 were sent out to state transportation agencies in December 2021. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-21). |
Bridge Formula Program | IIJA provides approximately $26.68 billion in formula grants to states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
| Revised notice of apportionment for FY2022. Bridge Formula Program Fact Sheet on the Federal Highway Administration website. |
Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality Program | IIJA provides approximately $13.2 billion in formula grants to states and the District of Columbia.
| Notice of apportionment for FY2022 were sent out to state transportation agencies in December 2021. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-29). |
National Highway Freight Program | IIJA provides $7.15 billion in formula grants for states and the District of Columbia.
| Notice of apportionment for FY2022 were sent out to state transportation agencies in December 2021. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-21). |
Metropolitan Planning Program | IIJA provides $2.28 billion in formula grants to metropolitan planning organizations.
| Notice of apportionment for FY2022 were sent out to state transportation agencies in December 2021. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-28). |
Appalachian Development Highway System Grants | IIJA provides $1.25 billion in formula grants to states in the Appalachian region.
| Apportionment for FY of 2022 were sent out to individual state's transportation departments in January 2022. A notice for apportionment of the funds can be found here. |
Highway Safety Improvement Program | IIJA provides approximately $15.6 billion in formula grants to states and the District of Columbia.
| Notice of apportionment for FY2022 were sent out to state transportation agencies in December 2021. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-17). |
Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act Program | IIJA provides $1.25 billion in loans to states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, localities, or other public authorities.
| More information on the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act program. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-26). |
Highway Use Tax Evasion Projects | IIJA provides $20 million in competitive grants and allocations to states and the IRS.
| Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-27). |
On-the-Job Training Supportive Services Program | IIJA provides $50 million of competitive grants and allocation to states.
| More information on the On-the-Job Training Supportive Services Program. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-31). |
Disadvantaged Business Enterprises | IIJA provides $50 million of competitive grants, contracts, and allocations to states.
| More information on the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program. Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-32). |
Railway-Highway Crossing Program | IIJA provides approximately $1.23 billion in formula grants to states and the District of Columbia.
| More information on the Railway-Highway Crossing Program on the DOT website. |
Bridge Investment Program | IIJA provides $12.2 billion in competitive grants to states, metropolitan planning organizations with more than 20,000 members, local governments, special purpose districts, and tribal governments.
| More information on the Bridge Investment Program on the DOT website. |
Highway Safety Research & Development | IIJA provides $970 million in grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts, tribes, educational institutions, nonprofits, businesses, and/or individuals. This program funds research and development activities for:
| Program details forthcoming |
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research | IIJA provides $548.5 million in grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts, tribal governments, educational institutions, nonprofits, businesses, and/or individuals. This program provides supplemental funding to accelerate vehicle and behavioral safety research. | Program details forthcoming |
IIJA Funding for Public Transportation
The IIJA invests $91.2 billion to repair and modernize transit. The legislation supports expanded public transportation choices nationwide, replacing thousands of deficient transit vehicles, including buses, with clean, zero emission vehicles, and improving accessibility for the elderly and people with disabilities.
Link to Public Transportation Agency Safety Plan FAQs for New Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Requirements.
Program | IIJA Funding (Generally funding is over 5 years but portions may still be subject to further appropriations) | Resource(s) |
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Low or No Emission Bus Grants | IIJA provides approximately $5.62 billion of competitive grants. $1.1 billion is available for FY of 2022. Funding is available for states, counties, cities/townships to help transit agencies purchase or lease low or no-emission buses. |
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Bus and Bus Facilities Competitive Grants | IIJA provides approximately $1.97 billion of competitive grants for bus and bus facilities. $372 million is available for FY of 2022. Funding is available for states, counties, and cities/townships to replace, rehabilitate, purchase, or lease buses, bus-related equipment, and bus-related facilities. |
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Bus and Bus Facilities Formula Grants | IIJA provides approximately $1.97 billion of competitive grants for bus and bus facilities. $372 million is available for FY of 2022. Funding is available for states, counties, and cities/townships to replace, rehabilitate, purchase, or lease buses, bus-related equipment, and bus-related facilities. |
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Urbanized Area Formula Grants | IIJA provides approximately $33.4 billion in formula grants to states, counties, cities/townships, special districts, and tribes.
| More information on the Urbanized Area Formula Grants on the FTA website. Breakdown of apportionment for states and local areas. Breakdown of apportionment by public transportation system operator. |
Metropolitan Transportation Planning Program | IIJA provides approximately $799.4 million in formula grants to states and metropolitan planning organizations.
| Breakdown of apportionment for each state for the Metropolitan Transportation Planning Program. (Note: The column under Section 5305(d) is the apportionment for this program). |
Statewide Transportation Planning Program | IIJA provides approximately $167 million in formula grants to states and metropolitan planning organizations.
| Breakdown of apportionment for each state for the Statewide Transportation Planning Program. (Note: The column under Section 5303(e) is the apportionment for this program). |
Pilot Program for Transit Oriented Development | IIJA provides approximately $68.9 million in competitive grants to state or local government authorities that are Federal Transit Administration grant recipients.
| More information on the Pilot Program for Transit Oriented Development on the FTA Website. |
Passenger Ferry Grant Program | IIJA provides $150 million in competitive grants to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts and tribal governments.
| More information on the Passenger Ferry Grant Program on the FTA Website. |
Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities | IIJA provides approximately $2.2 billion in formula grants to states, counties, cities/townships, special districts, tribes and nonprofits.
| More information on the Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities grants on the DOT Website Breakdown of apportionment for states and cities for the Passenger Ferry Grant Program. |
Formula Grants for Rural Areas | IIJA provides approximately $4.1 billion in formula grants to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts, tribal governments, and other organizations.
| More information for Formula Grants for Rural Areas on the FTA website. Breakdown of apportionment for the Formula Grants for Rural Areas Program by state and territory. (Note: The apportionment for the Formula Grants for Rural Areas is under "Section 5311 and Section 5340 Apportionment"). |
Rural Transportation Assistance Program | IIJA provides approximately $91.6 million in formula grants to states.
| More information for the Rural Transportation Assistance Program on FTA website. Breakdown of apportionment for the Rural Transportation Assistance Program by state and territory. (Note: The apportionment for the Rural Transportation Assistance Program is under "Section 5311(b)(3) apportionment"). |
Appalachian Development Public Transportation Assistance Program | IIJA provides approximately $137.4 million in formula grants to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts, tribal governments and other nonprofit organizations.
| Breakdown of apportionment for the Appalachian Development Public Transportation Assistance Program by state and territory. (Note: The apportionment for the Appalachian Development Public Transportation Assistance Program can be found under "Section 5311(c)(3) Appalachian Development Public Transportation Assistance Program"). |
State of Good Repair Grants | IIJA provides approximately $21.6 billion in formula grants to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts, and tribal governments.
| More information on the State of Good Repair Grants on the FTA website. Breakdown of apportionment for the State of Good Repair Grants by urbanized area. (Note: All values are listed in dollars). |
Research, Development, Demonstration, and Deployment Project | IIJA provides approximately $132.2 million in competitive grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts to states, cities, townships, special districts, tribes, and other institutions.
| Program details forthcoming |
IIJA Funding for Airports and Federal Aviation Administration Facilities
The IIJA invests $25 billion to address repair and maintenance needs, reduce congestion and emissions, and modernize our National Aerospace System.
Program | IIJA Funding (Generally funding is over 5 years but portions may still be subject to further appropriations) | Resource(s) |
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Airport Terminal Program | IIJA provides $5 billion ($1 billion for FY 2022) for this program through competitive grants. Eligible if the airport is operated within the National Air Transportation System. It provides grants for passenger terminal buildings, traffic control towers, and on-airport rail access projects. |
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IIJA Funding for Ports and Waterways
The IIJA invests over $16.7 billion to improve infrastructure at coastal ports, inland ports and waterways, and land ports of entry along our border.
Program Name | IIJA Funding (Generally funding is over 5 years but portions may still be subject to future appropriations) | Resource(s) |
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Port Infrastructure Development Program Grants | IIJA provides $2.25 billion for this program through competitive grants. $450 million is available for the FY of 2022. It provides grants for addressing sea-level rise, flooding, extreme weather events, earthquakes, and tsunami inundation. It also funds projects that reduce or eliminate pollutants and greenhouse gases in ports. |
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Construction of Ferry Boats and Ferry Terminal Facilities | IIJA provides $912 million in formula grants to states and eligible ferry operations.
| Details of the Federal Highway Administration funding request for FY2022. (Note: the details for the funding request can be found on page III-27). |
IIJA Funding for Electric Vehicles, Buses, and Ferries
The IIJA includes a $7.5 billion investment in electric vehicle charging to help build out a national network of 500,000 electric vehicle chargers. In addition, there are investments from the IIJA for specific vehicles to transition to electric school buses, transit buses, and even passenger ferries to reduce emissions for their riders, including children and low-income families that bear the greatest burdens of pollution while trying to meet their mobility needs.
Program Name | IIJA Funding (Generally, funding is over 5 years but portions may still be subject to future appropriations) | Resource(s) |
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Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program | IIJA provides $250 million in competitive grants to a variety of recipients.
| More information on the Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program on FTA website. |
IIJA Funding for Broadband Deployment and Access
The IIJA included a $65 billion investment to help close the digital divide and ensure access for all Americans to reliable, high speed, and affordable broadband. The additional funding builds off of investments in previous laws, including the American Rescue Plan (ARPA) and the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. As a result of the additional funding, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) will implement several new programs. Click HERE for the Internet for All initiative that includes additional information on the new grant programs discussed below.
Program Name | IIJA Funding | Resource(s) |
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Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program | IIJA Appropriates $42.45 billion for states, territories, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico to utilize for broadband deployment, mapping, and adoption projects.
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Enabling Middle Mile Broadband Infrastructure Program | Establishes and funds a $1 billion program for the construction, improvement or acquisition of middle mile infrastructure.
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Digital Equity Act Programs |
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Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program: Reconnect Program | IIJA will provide $1.93 billion in grants, direct loans, or a combination of the two to states, local governments, or any other related organization for the Reconnect Program.
| More information on the Distance Learning, Telemedicine, and Broadband Program of the Reconnect Program (Note: Information can be found on page 13). |
IIJA Funding for Water Infrastructure
The IIJA invests more than $50 billion through the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water, wastewater, and stormwater infrastructure programs.
Program Name | IIJA Funding | Resource(s) |
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Lead Service Line Replacement (through Drinking Water State Revolving Funds) | $15 billion (49 percent of funds will be provided to communities as grants or principal forgiveness loans; 51 percent of funds will be available to communities for low-interest loans) | |
WIIN Grant: Small, Underserved, and Disadvantaged Communities Grant Program | $5 billion to address emerging contaminants in disadvantaged communities | EPA Small, Underserved, and Disadvantaged Communities Grants |
Watershed Rehabilitation Program | IIJA provides $118 million in technical and financial assistance to local sponsors or legal subdivisions of state or tribal governments.
| More information on the Watershed Rehabilitation Program on the US Department of Agriculture website. |
IIJA Funding for Resiliency
The IIJA makes our communities safer and our infrastructure more resilient to the impacts of climate change and cyber-attacks, with an investment of more than $50 billion to protect against droughts, heat, floods and wildfires, in addition to major investments in weatherization. The legislation is the largest investment in the resilience of physical and natural systems in American history.
Program Name | IIJA Funding (Generally funding is over 5 years but portions may still be subject to future appropriations) | Resource(s) |
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State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program | IIJA provides $1 billion administered through the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) for state and local governments to address cybersecurity risks and cybersecurity threats to information systems that they own or operate. |
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Pollution Prevention Grant | IIJA provides $100 million in grants to states, state-sponsored institutions, tribes, and tribal institutions. This program will guarantee the delivery of technical assistance to businesses - including those communities with environmental justice concerns - to identify and adopt source reduction practices and technologies that benefit businesses, communities, and local economies. |
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Carbon Reduction Program | IIJA provides approximately $6.42 billion in formula grants to states and the District of Columbia.
| More information on the Carbon Reduction Program on the Federal Highway Administration website. |
Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations | IIJA provides $500 million in technical and financial assistance to local sponsors or legal subdivisions of state or tribal governments.
| More information on the Watershed and Flood Prevention Operation program on the US Department of Agriculture website |
Flood and Inundation Mapping and Forecasting, Water Modeling, and Precipitation Studies | IIJA provides $492 million through various funding mechanisms to states, counties, cities, townships, special districts, tribes, educational institutions, and nonprofits.
| Program details forthcoming |
Department of Interior Wildfire Management - Preparedness | IIJA provides $245 million in direct federal spending, interagency agreements, cooperative agreements, cooperative agreements and/or grants, and possibly contacts.
| Program details forthcoming |
Emergency Preparedness Grants | IIJA provides approximately $234.1 million in states, counties, territories, tribes, cities, townships, non-profit businesses, emergency response organizations, and hazardous materials enforcement organizations. The Hazardous Materials Grants Program is comprised of the following grants:
Eligible uses include developing, improving, and carrying out emergency plans including ascertaining flow patterns of hazardous materials; deciding on the need for regional hazardous material emergency response teams; training public sector employees to respond to accidents and incidents involving hazardous materials; and training hazardous materials safety employees to become instructors to extend the reach of hazardous materials training. | Program details forthcoming |